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Desi mare parte dintre genele cunoscute a fi implicate in predispozitia la aparitia acestei patologii sunt situate in genomul nuclear, un studiu recent realizat la Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory a estimat ca peste 20% din cazurile de diabet de tip 2 ar putea fi corelate unor mutatii la nivelul genomului mitocondrial.
Acesta este materialul genetic prezent in mitocondrii, organisme care in cadrul celulei sunt predispuse producerii de energie si care are caracteristica de fi transmis doar pe cale materna.
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